Technical Indicator Definitions

SMA (Simple Moving Average): A SMA is calculated by averaging the closing prices over a set period. A buy signal is generated when the current price crosses above the SMA, a sell signal when it crosses below, otherwise hold.

EMA (Exponential Moving Average): An EMA gives more weight to recent prices. A buy signal is indicated when the current price is above the EMA and a sell signal when below, otherwise hold.

RSI (Relative Strength Index): RSI measures momentum and ranges from 0 to 100. Values below 30 suggest oversold conditions (buy signal), above 70 indicate overbought conditions (sell signal), otherwise hold.

MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): MACD is the difference between two EMAs. A buy signal occurs when the MACD line crosses above its signal line, and a sell signal when it crosses below, otherwise hold.

Bollinger Bands: Bollinger Bands consist of an SMA and two bands set a number of standard deviations away. A buy signal may occur when the price touches or falls below the lower band, and a sell signal when it touches or exceeds the upper band, otherwise hold.

Stochastic Oscillator: This indicator compares a closing price to a range of prices over a set period. Values below 20 suggest oversold conditions (buy signal), above 80 suggest overbought conditions (sell signal), otherwise hold.

ADX (Average Directional Index): ADX measures the strength of a trend without indicating its direction. Typically, values above 25 indicate a strong trend. In this code, it is used for informational purposes (hold).

CCI (Commodity Channel Index): CCI measures the deviation from a moving average. Values above +100 indicate overbought conditions (sell signal) and below -100 indicate oversold conditions (buy signal), otherwise hold.

ATR (Average True Range): ATR measures market volatility. It is not a directional indicator and is generally used for setting stop-loss levels rather than generating buy or sell signals (hold).

OBV (On-Balance Volume): OBV uses volume flow to predict price changes. An increasing OBV suggests accumulation (buy signal) while a decreasing OBV suggests distribution (sell signal), otherwise hold.

Golden Cross Ratio (50 SMA / 200 SMA): The Golden Cross ratio is calculated by dividing the 50‑day SMA by the 200‑day SMA. A ratio above 1 indicates a bullish trend (buy signal), below 1 indicates a bearish trend (sell signal), and a ratio near 1 suggests indecision (hold).